Source: \NC\JanMayenChannel_Mooring.nc Format: classic Global Attributes: title = 'Physical oceanography data from the Jan Mayen Channel mooring during the NORSE experiment, 26 October 2022 – 19 November 2023' authors = 'Fer, Ilker; Brakstad, Ailin' summary = 'This data file includes hourly-averaged time series of ocean temperature, salinity, and currents on a 5-meter vertical grid, measured by moored instruments from the Jan Mayen Channel at a depth of 1585 meters, collected as part of the Northern Ocean Rapid Surface Evolution (NORSE) experiment. Details are summarized in the comments and variable attributes, as well as in the attached report. Instrument-wise data files with time series data from all sensors at measurement levels and original sampling rates are also provided separately. NORSE is an Office of Naval Research Departmental Research Initiative focusing on characterizing the key physical parameters and processes that govern the predictability of upper-ocean rapid evolution events occurring in high latitudes. The overall objective of NORSE is to demonstrate improvements in the predictability of the upper ocean physical fields associated with acoustic propagation over the course of the study. Four moorings were deployed across the Jan Mayen Channel to support the NORSE experiment. Two of these moorings formed an acoustic observation system, with acoustic data collection on the southern side of the channel, on the Jan Mayen Ridge, and the acoustic source located on bathymetric rise on the north side of the channel. The other two were oceanographic moorings, one located on the crest of the ridge at 425 m isobath (University of Washington, USA), and the other located on the slope of the Jan Mayen Channel on the 1585 m isobath (University of Bergen, Norway). This data set includes data files from the Jan Mayen Channel mooring instruments. The Jan Mayen Channel mooring was deployed from NRV Alliance during the NORSE 2022 fall cruise and recovered from RV Kronprins Haakon during the NORSE 2023 fall cruise. The data set covers the period from 26 October 2022 14:25 to 19 November 2023 12:10, and includes time series of ocean temperature, salinity and currents. The Norwegian contribution to the NORSE program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Global, award number N62909-22-1-2023.' keywords = 'GCMDLOC:Ocean >North Atlantic Ocean, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > OCEAN TEMPERATURE PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > SALINITY/DENSITY > OCEAN SALINITY > OCEAN SALINITY PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > SPEED PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > CURRENT PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > SUBSURFACE CURRENTS, GCMDPROV:ACADEMIC > U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen > http://www.uib.no/gfi/, Jan Mayen Channel, oceanography, ocean currents, hydrography' type = 'Hourly-averaged time series of temperature, salinity and horizontal velocity' data_type = 'current profilers, current meters, Sea Bird Scientific recorders' id = 'DOI:10.21335/NMDC-683103695 ' naming_authority = 'The Norwegian Marine Data Centre, https://nmdc.no/' history = 'Version 1' source = 'Sea-Bird C/T/P loggers, RDI ADCPs, Nortek ADCPs, AADI RCMs' platform = 'mooring' processing_level = 'quality controlled' comment = 'The Jan Mayen Channel mooring was deployed anchor last from NRV Alliance on 26.10.2022 14:25:00 UTC and recovered from RV Kronprins Haakon (cruise number 2023007019) on 19.11.2023 12:15:00 UTC. The location of the mooring was 70.869161deg N and 6.415010deg W, and the bottom depth was 1585 m. Temperature, and in some instruments salinity and pressure, were measured using Sea-Bird Scientific (SBE) instruments (MicroCats, unpumped SBE37 and temperature loggers, SBE39 and SBE56). Additionally, the current profilers and meters had temperature and pressure sensor, and two AADI SeaGuards were equipped with conductivity sensors. Ocean currents were measured using ADCPs from RDI and Nortek, at different frequencies and two current meters (AADI SeaGuards). Two Nortek Signature ADCPs were mounted on the same flotation approximately at 416 m (Signature S55 facing downward and S100 facing upward). A RDI 75kHz Workshorse Long Ranger ADCP was mounted in a spherical flotation facing downward at 1081 m, and an RDI 300kHz Workshorse Sentinel ADCP deployed upward facing at 137 m depth. Instrument-specific netCDF files with time series data of all sensors at measurement levels and original sampling frequency are also provided separately with the data set. In this gridded data file, we used salinity only from the SBE records, and for velocity, we excluded the RDI 300 kHz Sentinel ADCP. Details are summarized in the comments and variable attributes, in the instrument specific files, as well as in the attached report. We used the cleaned, quality controlled, and corrected data files (5-min averaged temperature/salinity data set, SBE_CTPrecorders.NC, and instrument specific ADCP and SeaGuard NC files). Records from all instruments are bin-averaged and interpolated to a common time array with uniform 1-hour resolution. The 5-meter vertically interpolated fields are based on time-variable measurement levels following the mooring motion. Corresponding depth records and time series of variables at time-variable measurement levels, that are used to produce the gridded set, are also provided with the data file. The distribution of the instruments on this mooring is as follows: Depth is the best estimate of the target depth. ADCP-U and ADCP-D are upward facing and downward facing, respectively. Variables are T=TEMP; S=PSAL; V=horizontal currents; P=PRES Instr || SN || Z(m) || Variables RDI 300kHz ADCP-U || 17319 || 137 || T, P, V SBE56 || 1334 || 137 || T SBE56 || 1335 || 150 || T SBE37 || 6017 || 159 || T,P,S SBE56 || 1331 || 172 || T SBE56 || 1337 || 185 || T SBE56 || 1332 || 198 || T SBE37 || 5448 || 211 || T,P,S SBE56 || 1339 || 236 || T SBE37 || 6018 || 261 || T,P,S SBE56 || 1333 || 286 || T SBE56 || 1341 || 312 || T SBE56 || 1338 || 337 || T SBE37 || 7334 || 362 || T,S SBE56 || 1948 || 388 || T Nortek S100 ADCP-U || 100756 || 413|| T, P, V SBE39 || 3251 || 415 || T,P Nortek S55 ADCP-D || 200067 || 415 || T, P, V SBE37 || 7222 || 540 || T,P,S SBE56 || 1343 || 649 || T SBE56 || 1345 || 758 || T SBE56 || 1947 || 866 || T AADI Seaguard RCM ||1050 || 975 || T, P, S, V SBE39 || 3282 || 1080 || T,P RDI 75kHz ADCP-D || 18447 || 1081|| T, P, V SBE37 || 7336 || 1287 || T,C SBE37 || 4096 || 1388 || T,C AADI Seaguard RCM || 1898 || 1541 || T, P, S, V Sampling interval is 5 min for SBE37s and SBE39s, 1 min for SBE56s, 20 minutes for SeaGuards, 30 minutes for Nortek ADCPs, and 60 minutes for the RDI Long Ranger. Magnetic declination (5degW) is corrected for. Offset corrections applied to various sensors are described in the attached report. Data from pressure sensors are used to correct for the mooring motion. The lowest 5 percentile value of pressure (converted to depth) is assigned as the time-averaged target depth for the instruments with pressure sensors. A full list of target depths for all instruments is obtained using these instruments with known depth and the mooring construction details. The time-constant target depth list is then used to vertically interpolate, at each time step, the instrument positions to a time-variable depth level, using the time-variable depth record with instruments equipped with pressure sensors. Hourly averaged time series from (time-varying) instrument levels are despiked and quality controlled before gridding to 5-meter vertical resolution by linear interpolation. The gridded fields after mooring motion correction include the variables UCUR, VCUR, TEMP, and PSAL. We also provide the time series at time-variable measurement levels because of mooring motion (variables TEMP_ins, PRES_ins, etc., with corresponding depth records zTEMP_ins, zPRES_ins, and so on). See the variable names for details. The dimensions follow the number of sensors on the mooring. These records are used to produce the gridded set. Details on the data processing, mooring drawings, and a detailed list of instrumentation are provided in the attached report. Gappy segments with record length less than 5 days are filled with NaN in the gridded dataset. The initial accuracy of the SBE sensors is 2x10-3°C for temperature, 3x10-4 S/m for conductivity, and 1 dbar for pressure. The compass direction is accurate to 2°. Error estimates are 1 cm/s for velocity, 0.01°C for temperature, and 0.01 for practical salinity (at measurement level). We strongly advise caution when using the gridded dataset where the vertical structure is not resolved. The vertically interpolated profiles may not be representative of the water column when the vertical separation between sensors is substantial. ' acknowledgement = 'The Norwegian contribution to the NORSE program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Global, award number N62909-22-1-2023. We thank Helge Bryhni for his support with mooring design and logistics, and the captain, crew, and NORSE participants for their assistance during the deployment and recovery cruises. We thank Richard Lenhart, Jason Sagers, and Eli Willard for their assistance with mooring operations, Erika Giorgi for her help with data retrieval, Megan Ballard and Jen MacKinnon for their leadership, and Leah Johnson and Harper Simmons for discussions on data processing and quality control.' citation = 'Fer, Ilker; Brakstad, Ailin (2025), Physical oceanography data from the Jan Mayen Channel mooring during the NORSE experiment, 26 October 2022 – 19 November 2023 [dataset] Norwegian Marine Data Centre https://doi.org/10.21335/NMDC-683103695' license = 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/' Conventions = 'CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3' metadata_conventions = 'Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.3' standard_name_vocabulary = 'CF Standard Name Table v87' platform_vocabulary = 'https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L06/current/' keywords_vocabulary = 'GCMDSK:GCMD Science Keywords:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/sciencekeywords, GCMDPROV:GCMD Providers:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/providers, GCMDLOC:GCMD Locations:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/locations' area = 'North Atlantic Ocean, Jan Mayen Channel' latitude = 70.8692 longitude = -6.415 sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level = 1585 geospatial_lat_min = 70.8692 geospatial_lat_max = 70.8692 geospatial_lat_units = 'degrees_north' geospatial_lat_resolution = 'seconds' geospatial_lon_min = -6.415 geospatial_lon_max = -6.415 geospatial_lon_units = 'degrees_east' geospatial_lon_resolution = 'seconds' geospatial_vertical_min = 90 geospatial_vertical_max = 1540 geospatial_vertical_positive = 'down' geospatial_vertical_units = 'meter' geospatial_vertical_resolution = 'centimeter' time_coverage_start = '2022-10-26T15:00:00Z' time_coverage_end = '2023-11-19T12:00:00Z' time_coverage_duration = 'P1Y0M23DT21H0M0S' date_created = '2025-09-19T12:02:38Z' date_modified = '2025-9-4T09:34:00Z' date_metadata_modified = '2025-09-19T12:02:38Z' file_creation_time = '2025-09-19T12:02:38Z' data_mode = 'D' creator_name = 'Ilker Fer' creator_email = 'ilker.fer@uib.no' creator_url = 'https://www.uib.no/gfi' institution = 'Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen' principal_investigator = 'Fer, Ilker' principal_investigator_ORCID = '0000-0002-2427-2532' contact = 'ilker.fer@uib.no' project_name = 'NORSE' publisher_name = 'The Norwegian Marine Data Centre' publisher_email = 'datahjelp@hi.no' publisher_url = 'https://nmdc.no/' Dimensions: TIME = 9334 LATITUDE = 1 LONGITUDE = 1 DEPTH = 291 ZP = 8 ZT = 24 ZS = 7 ZU = 147 Variables: TIME Size: 9334x1 Dimensions: TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'time' units = 'Days since 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z' axis = 'T' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' long_name = 'Decimal day' comment = '1 January noon is day 0.5.' LATITUDE Size: 1x1 Dimensions: LATITUDE Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'latitude' long_name = 'Measurement position, latitude' units = 'degree_north' axis = 'Y' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' reference = 'WGS84' LONGITUDE Size: 1x1 Dimensions: LONGITUDE Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'longitude' long_name = 'Measurement position, longitude' units = 'degree_east' axis = 'X' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' reference = 'WGS84' DEPTH Size: 291x1 Dimensions: DEPTH Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'Vertical distance below the sea surface' axis = 'Z' positive = 'down' comment = 'Depth of the measurement estimated from time-variable pressure records are interpolated to this uniform depth array.' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' TEMP Size: 291x9334 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_temperature' units = 'degree_Celsius' long_name = 'sea water temperature in-situ ITS-90 scale' comment = 'Measured by the SBE temperature sensors and temperature sensors on current meters and profilers.' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' PSAL Size: 291x9334 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_practical_salinity' units = '1' long_name = 'Practical salinity on the PSS-78 scale' comment = 'Measured by the SBE CTD sensors ' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' UCUR Size: 291x9334 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'eastward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'Absolute eastward sea water velocity' comment = 'Measured by RDI and Nortek ADCPs and AADI SeaGuards. Flagged bad data points are replaced with NaNs.' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' VCUR Size: 291x9334 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'northward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'Absolute northward sea water velocity' comment = 'Measured by RDI and Nortek ADCPs and AADI SeaGuards. Flagged bad data points are replaced with NaNs' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' zPRES_ins Size: 8x9334 Dimensions: ZP,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of pressure sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE39, 3251, 415 SBE37, 7222, 540 SG, 1050, 975 SBE39, 3282, 1080 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' zTEMP_ins Size: 24x9334 Dimensions: ZT,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of temperature sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE56, 1334, 137 SBE56, 1335, 150 SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE56, 1331, 172 SBE56, 1337, 185 SBE56, 1332, 198 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE56, 1339, 236 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE56, 1333, 286 SBE56, 1341, 312 SBE56, 1338, 337 SBE37, 7334, 362 SBE56, 1948, 388 SBE39, 3251, 415 SBE37, 7222, 540 SBE56, 1343, 649 SBE56, 1345, 758 SBE56, 1947, 866 SG, 1050, 975 SBE39, 3282, 1080 SBE37, 7336, 1287 SBE37, 4096, 1388 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' zPSAL_ins Size: 7x9334 Dimensions: ZS,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of conductivity sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE37, 7334, 362 SBE37, 7222, 540 SBE37, 7336, 1287 SBE37, 4096, 1388 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' zUCUR_ins Size: 147x9334 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of horizontal velocity sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) S100U, 100756, 413 S55D, 200067, 4.155000e+02 SG, 1050, 975 RDI75D, 18447, 1081 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' PRES_ins Size: 8x9334 Dimensions: ZP,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'decibar' long_name = 'sea water pressure at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), equals 0 at sea-level' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE39, 3251, 415 SBE37, 7222, 540 SG, 1050, 975 SBE39, 3282, 1080 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' TEMP_ins Size: 24x9334 Dimensions: ZT,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_temperature' units = 'degree_Celsius' long_name = 'sea water temperature at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), in-situ ITS-90 scale' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE56, 1334, 137 SBE56, 1335, 150 SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE56, 1331, 172 SBE56, 1337, 185 SBE56, 1332, 198 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE56, 1339, 236 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE56, 1333, 286 SBE56, 1341, 312 SBE56, 1338, 337 SBE37, 7334, 362 SBE56, 1948, 388 SBE39, 3251, 415 SBE37, 7222, 540 SBE56, 1343, 649 SBE56, 1345, 758 SBE56, 1947, 866 SG, 1050, 975 SBE39, 3282, 1080 SBE37, 7336, 1287 SBE37, 4096, 1388 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' PSAL_ins Size: 7x9334 Dimensions: ZS,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_practical_salinity' units = '1' long_name = 'practical salinity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), PSS-78 scale' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 6017, 159 SBE37, 5448, 211 SBE37, 6018, 261 SBE37, 7334, 362 SBE37, 7222, 540 SBE37, 7336, 1287 SBE37, 4096, 1388 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' UCUR_ins Size: 147x9334 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'eastward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'absolute eastward sea water velocity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) S100U, 100756, 413 S55D, 200067, 4.155000e+02 SG, 1050, 975 RDI75D, 18447, 1081 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' VCUR_ins Size: 147x9334 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'northward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'absolute northward sea water velocity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) S100U, 100756, 413 S55D, 200067, 4.155000e+02 SG, 1050, 975 RDI75D, 18447, 1081 SG, 1898, 1541 ' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' >>