Source: \MOORED\Yermak_2022\DataSubmit_NMDC\Y7.nc Format: netcdf4_classic Global Attributes: title = 'Ocean current, temperature and salinity measurements from a mooring at the Yermak Plateau, July 2022 - July 2023' authors = 'Fer, Ilker; Elliott, Fiona; Hoppmann, Mario; Kanzow, Torsten; Reifenberg, Simon F.; von Appen, Wilken-Jon' summary = 'The dataset includes an 11-month time series of ocean currents, temperature, and salinity from moored instruments on the western flank of the Yermak Plateau in Fram Strait at a depth of 1535 meters. The data were collected as part of the ATWAICE (Atlantic Water pathways to the Ice in the Nansen Basin and Fram Strait) project. One netCDF data file is prepared, including hourly-averaged time series of ocean temperature, salinity, and currents on a 5-meter vertical grid. The measurement period covers from July 27, 2022, to June 28, 2023. All time series are averaged into a common, uniform 1-hour resolution timestamp. The 5-meter vertically gridded (interpolated) fields are based on time-variable measurement levels following the mooring motion. Corresponding depth records and time series of variables at time-variable measurement levels are also provided with the data file. These records are used to produce the gridded set. Details on the data processing, mooring drawings, and a detailed list of instrumentation, together with overview figures of the data collected, are provided in the attached report. Deployment and data processing details are summarized in the comments and variable attributes of the data file. We strongly advise caution when using the gridded dataset where the vertical structure is not resolved, for example, velocity measurements between 800 and 1000 meters, salinity in the upper 200 meters, and between 500 and 900 meters. The vertically interpolated profiles may not be representative of the water column when the vertical separation between sensors is substantial. The Norwegian contribution to the program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Global, award number N62909-22-1-2023.' keywords = 'GCMDLOC:Geographic Region > Arctic Ocean, GCMDLOC:Ocean > Arctic Ocean, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > OCEAN TEMPERATURE PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > SALINITY/DENSITY > OCEAN SALINITY > OCEAN SALINITY PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > SPEED PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > CURRENT PROFILES, GCMDSK:Earth Science > Oceans > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS > SUBSURFACE CURRENTS, GCMDPROV:ACADEMIC > U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen > http://www.uib.no/gfi/ , Arctic Ocean; Fram Strait; oceanography; ocean currents; hydrography; Atlantic Water; marginal ice zone' type = 'Hourly-averaged time series of temperature, salinity and horizontal velocity' data_type = 'adcp, ctd' id = 'DOI:10.21335/NMDC-550637823 ' naming_authority = 'The Norwegian Marine Data Centre, https://nmdc.no/' history = 'Version 1' source = 'observations from moored instruments' processing_level = 'quality controlled' comment = 'The mooring Y7 was deployed anchor first from RV Polarstern on July 27, 2022, at 18:20 UTC and recovered from RV Polarstern on June 28, 2023, at 14:05 UTC. The location of the mooring was 81N20.9691 and 1E4.335, and the bottom depth was 1535 meters. Current measurements were made using ADCPs from RDI and Nortek at different frequencies, and point current meters (AADI SeaGuards). Two Nortek Signature ADCPs were mounted on the same flotation at 318 meters (Signature S55 facing downward and S100 facing upward). A RDI 75kHz LongRanger ADCP was mounted in a spherical flotation facing downward at 1011 meters. An RDI 300kHz ADCP deployed upward facing at 80 meters depth was targeted for high-resolution (2 min) sampling for up to 3 months starting from September 1, 2022, and is not integrated into this gridded dataset. Temperature, and in some instruments salinity and pressure, were measured using Sea-Bird Scientific (SBE) instruments (MicroCats, unpumped SBE37 and temperature loggers, SBE39 and SBE56) as well as RBR instruments (temperature logger Solo, and CTD logger Concerto). Additionally, the current profilers and meters had temperature and pressure sensors, and two AADI SeaGuards were equipped with conductivity sensors. Salinity records from the SeaGuards are not used in the gridded dataset. The distribution of the instruments on this mooring is as follows: Depth is the best estimate of the target depth. ADCP-U and ADCP-D are upward facing and downward facing, respectively. Variables are T=TEMP; S=PSAL; V=horizontal currents; P=PRES instrument || Serial || Depth || Variables || number || (m) || ======================================================== SBE37 || 8970 || 21 || T, P, S RBR-Solo || 202489 || 30 || T RBR-Solo || 202490 || 40 || T SBE37 || 8000 || 50 || T, S RBR-Solo || 202493 || 55 || T SBE39 || 6145 || 60 || T, P RBR-Solo || 202494 || 65 || T RBR-Solo || 202491 || 71 || T RBR-Solo || 202492 || 76 || T RDI 300kHz ADCP-U || 10149 || 80 || T, P, V AADI SeaGuard RCM || 1902 || 81 || T, P, S, V RBR-Solo || 202495 || 96 || T SBE37 || 8971 || 159 || T, P, S SBE56 || 1949 || 211 || T RBR-Concerto || 202466 || 263 || T, P, S Nortek S100 ADCP-U|| 100758 || 317 || T, P, V SBE39 || 6146 || 318 || T, P Nortek S55 ADCP-D || 200062 || 319 || T, P, V RBR-Concerto || 202465 || 367 || T, P, S SBE56 || 1951 || 419 || T SBE37 || 8972 || 471 || T, P, S SBE56 || 1952 || 575 || T SBE56 || 1953 || 679 || T SBE56 || 1954 || 782 || T SBE37 || 7223 || 886 || T, P, S RDI 75kHz ADCP-D || 8645 || 1011 || T, P, V SBE56 || 1965 || 1210 || T AADI SeaGuard RCM || 1904 || 1510 || T, P, S, V Sampling interval is 5 minutes for all SBE instruments, 10 seconds for RBR instruments, 20 minutes for SeaGuards, 30 minutes for Nortek ADCPs, and 60 minutes for the RDI LongRanger. Magnetic declination (1.5°E) is corrected for. Offset corrections applied to various sensors are described in the attached report. Using a calibration cast with the shipboard CTD as reference, the following constant offsets were obtained: Instrument || PSAL offset || TEMP offset (°C) SBE37 sn 7223 || +11e-3 || -3.0e-3 SBE37 sn 8970 || +17e-3 || -2.0e-3 SBE37 sn 8971 || +15e-3 || -3.2e-3 SBE37 sn 8972 || +12e-3 || -1.8e-3 RBR sn 202465 || -2e-3 || +5.0e-3 Data from pressure sensors are used to correct for the mooring motion. The lowest 5 percentile value of pressure (converted to depth) is assigned as the time-averaged target depth for the instruments with pressure sensors. A full list of target depths for all instruments is obtained using these instruments with known depth and the mooring construction details. The time-constant target depth list is then used to vertically interpolate, at each time step, the instrument positions to a time-variable depth level, using the time-variable depth record with instruments equipped with pressure sensors. Hourly averaged time series from (time-varying) instrument levels are despiked and quality controlled before gridding to 5-meter vertical resolution by linear interpolation. The gridded fields after mooring motion correction include the variables UCUR, VCUR, TEMP, and PSAL. We also provide the time series at time-variable measurement levels because of mooring motion (variables TEMP_ins, PRES_ins, etc., with corresponding depth records zTEMP_ins, zPRES_ins, and so on). See the variable names for details. The dimensions follow the number of sensors on the mooring. These records are used to produce the gridded set. Details on the data processing, mooring drawings, and a detailed list of instrumentation are provided in the attached report. Gappy segments with record length less than 5 days are filled with NaN in the gridded dataset. The initial accuracy of the SBE sensors is 2x10-3°C for temperature, 3x10-4 S/m for conductivity, and 1 dbar for pressure. The compass direction is accurate to 2°. Error estimates are 1 cm/s for velocity, 0.01°C for temperature, and 0.01 for practical salinity (at measurement level). The vertical resolution of temperature and velocity measurements is very good and the gridded (vertically interpolated) set is reliable. Note, however, the gap in velocity measurements between 800 and 1000 meters. The vertical resolution for salinity measurements is not sufficient, especially in the stratified upper 200 meters, and between 500-900 meters. We provide the gridded salinity field for completeness but strongly advise caution where the vertical structure is not resolved. The vertically interpolated salinity profile (and density) may not be representative of the water column when the vertical separation between sensors is substantial.' acknowledgement = 'The authors are grateful to the captain, crew, and technical/scientific staff onboard RV Polarstern during the deployment (PS131) and recovery (PS137). We truly appreciate the efforts of Jacob Allerholt, Nicolas Dettling, Carina Engicht, Rainer Graupner, Normen Lochthofen, Rebecca McPherson and Matthias Monsess during the mooring deployment and recovery operations. The cruise was supported by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI) grants AWI_PS131_07: ATWAICE Physical Oceanography + Deep Sea and AWI_PS137_09: ALOIS. This mooring work was supported by the Office of Naval Research - Global (ONR-Global), grant/award no. N62909-22-1-2023: Upper ocean response to atmospheric events in the Nordic Seas' citation = 'Fer, Ilker; Elliott, Fiona; Hoppmann, Mario; Kanzow, Torsten; Reifenberg, Simon F.; von Appen, Wilken-Jon (2025), Ocean current, temperature and salinity measurements from a mooring at the Yermak Plateau, July 2022 - July 2023 [dataset] Norwegian Marine Data Centre https://doi.org/10.21335/NMDC-550637823' license = 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/' Conventions = 'CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3' metadata_conventions = 'Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.3' standard_name_vocabulary = 'CF Standard Name Table v87' platform_vocabulary = 'https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L06/current/' keywords_vocabulary = 'GCMDSK:GCMD Science Keywords:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/sciencekeywords, GCMDPROV:GCMD Providers:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/providers, GCMDLOC:GCMD Locations:https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/locations' date_created = '2025-04-28T09:57:44Z' date_modified = '2024-03-12T15:08:00Z' date_metadata_modified = '2025-04-28T09:57:44Z' file_creation_time = '2025-04-28T09:57:44Z' data_mode = 'D' platform = 'mooring' area = 'Arctic Ocean, Yermak Plateau' latitude = 81.3495 longitude = 1.0722 sea_floor_depth_below_sea_level = 1535 geospatial_lat_min = 81.3495 geospatial_lat_max = 81.3495 geospatial_lat_units = 'degrees_north' geospatial_lat_resolution = 'seconds' geospatial_lon_min = 1.0722 geospatial_lon_max = 1.0722 geospatial_lon_units = 'degrees_east' geospatial_lon_resolution = 'seconds' geospatial_vertical_min = 20 geospatial_vertical_max = 1510 geospatial_vertical_positive = 'down' geospatial_vertical_units = 'meter' geospatial_vertical_resolution = 'centimeter' time_coverage_start = '2022-07-27T19:00:00Z' time_coverage_end = '2023-06-28T14:00:00Z' time_coverage_duration = 'P0Y11M0DT19H0M0S' creator_name = 'Ilker Fer' creator_email = 'ilker.fer@uib.no' creator_url = 'https://www.uib.no/gfi' institution = 'Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen' principal_investigator = 'Fer, Ilker' principal_investigator_ORCID = '0000-0002-2427-2532' contact = 'ilker.fer@uib.no' project_name = 'ATWAICE' publisher_name = 'The Norwegian Marine Data Centre' publisher_email = 'datahjelp@hi.no' publisher_url = 'https://nmdc.no/' references = 'Kanzow, T. (2023): The Expedition PS131 of the Research Vessel Polarstern to the Fram Strait in 2022 / H. Bornemann (editor), Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on polar and marine research, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 770, 320 pp, https://doi.org/10.57738/BzPM_0770_2023 ' Dimensions: TIME = 8060 DEPTH = 299 ZP = 12 ZT = 26 ZS = 9 ZU = 142 ONE = 1 Variables: TIME Size: 8060x1 Dimensions: TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'time' units = 'Days since 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z' axis = 'T' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' long_name = 'Decimal day' comment = '1 January noon is day 0.5.' DEPTH Size: 299x1 Dimensions: DEPTH Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'depth' units = 'm' long_name = 'Vertical distance below the sea surface' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' axis = 'Z' positive = 'down' comment = 'Depth of the measurement estimated from time-variable pressure records are interpolated to this uniform depth array.' TEMP Size: 299x8060 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_temperature' units = 'degree_Celsius' long_name = 'sea water temperature in-situ ITS-90 scale' comment = 'Measured by the RBR and SBE temperature sensors and temperature sensors on current meters and profilers.' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' PSAL Size: 299x8060 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'sea_water_practical_salinity' units = '1' long_name = 'Practical salinity on the PSS-78 scale' comment = 'Measured by the RBR and SBE CTD sensors ' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' VCUR Size: 299x8060 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'northward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'Absolute northward sea water velocity' comment = 'Measured by RDI and Nortek ADCPs and AADI SeaGuards. Flagged bad data points are replaced with NaNs' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' UCUR Size: 299x8060 Dimensions: DEPTH,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'eastward_sea_water_velocity' units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'Absolute eastward sea water velocity' comment = 'Measured by RDI and Nortek ADCPs and AADI SeaGuards. Flagged bad data points are replaced with NaNs.' coordinates = 'TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE DEPTH' coverage_content_type = 'physicalMeasurement' zPRES_ins Size: 12x8060 Dimensions: ZP,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of pressure sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 SBE39, 6145, 60 SG, 1902, 81 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 SBE39, 6146, 318 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE37, 7223, 886 SG, 1904, 1510 ' zTEMP_ins Size: 26x8060 Dimensions: ZT,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of temperature sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 RBR-Solo, 202489, 30 RBR-Solo, 202490, 40 SBE37, 8000, 50 RBR-Solo, 202493, 55 SBE39, 6145, 60 RBR-Solo, 202494, 65 RBR-Solo, 202491, 71 RBR-Solo, 202492, 76 SG, 1902, 81 RBR-Solo, 202495, 96 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 SBE56, 1949, 211 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 SBE39, 6146, 318 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE56, 1951, 419 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE56, 1953, 679 SBE56, 1954, 782 SBE37, 7223, 886 RDI75D, 8645, 1011 SBE56, 1965, 1210 SG, 1904, 1510 ' zPSAL_ins Size: 9x8060 Dimensions: ZS,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of conductivity sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 SBE37, 8000, 50 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE37, 7223, 886 ' zUCUR_ins Size: 142x8060 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm' long_name = 'vertical distance below sea surface of horizontal velocity sensor at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SG, 1902, 81 S100U, 100758, 317 S55D, 200062, 319 RDI75D, 8645, 1011 SG, 1904, 1510 ' PRES_ins Size: 12x8060 Dimensions: ZP,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'decibar' long_name = 'sea water pressure at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), equals 0 at sea-level' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 SBE39, 6145, 60 SG, 1902, 81 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 SBE39, 6146, 318 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE37, 7223, 886 SG, 1904, 1510 ' TEMP_ins Size: 26x8060 Dimensions: ZT,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'degree_Celsius' long_name = 'sea water temperature at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), in-situ ITS-90 scale' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 RBR-Solo, 202489, 30 RBR-Solo, 202490, 40 SBE37, 8000, 50 RBR-Solo, 202493, 55 SBE39, 6145, 60 RBR-Solo, 202494, 65 RBR-Solo, 202491, 71 RBR-Solo, 202492, 76 SG, 1902, 81 RBR-Solo, 202495, 96 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 SBE56, 1949, 211 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 SBE39, 6146, 318 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE56, 1951, 419 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE56, 1953, 679 SBE56, 1954, 782 SBE37, 7223, 886 RDI75D, 8645, 1011 SBE56, 1965, 1210 SG, 1904, 1510 ' PSAL_ins Size: 9x8060 Dimensions: ZS,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = '1' long_name = 'practical salinity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded), PSS-78 scale' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). If an instrument slid on the mooring line, it is listed twice at the corresponding levels until and after the event. Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SBE37, 8970, 19 SBE37, 8970, 21 SBE37, 8000, 50 SBE37, 8971, 159 SBE37, 8971, 210 RBR-Concerto, 202466, 263 RBR-Concerto, 202465, 367 SBE37, 8972, 471 SBE37, 7223, 886 ' UCUR_ins Size: 142x8060 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'absolute eastward sea water velocity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' comment = 'Hourly-averaged, quality-controlled and corrected records from instruments at time-varying measurement level (not gridded). Following instruments are used: instrument, serial no, target depth (m) SG, 1902, 81 S100U, 100758, 317 S55D, 200062, 319 RDI75D, 8645, 1011 SG, 1904, 1510 ' VCUR_ins Size: 142x8060 Dimensions: ZU,TIME Datatype: double Attributes: units = 'm s-1' long_name = 'absolute northward sea water velocity at time-varying measurement level (not gridded)' LATITUDE Size: 1x1 Dimensions: ONE Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'latitude' long_name = 'Measurement position, latitude' units = 'degree_north' axis = 'Y' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' LONGITUDE Size: 1x1 Dimensions: ONE Datatype: double Attributes: standard_name = 'longitude' long_name = 'Measurement position, longitude' units = 'degree_east' axis = 'X' coverage_content_type = 'coordinate' >>